Stable, but moisture sensitive. Incompatible with water, strong bases. Note that the Merck Index states that this material is hydrolytically unstable in aqueous solution below 30% by weight. Decomposition products include carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The generation of these gases in a sealed container may lead to a pressure rise sufficien
Laccase is a polyphenol oxidase (ρ-dihydric phenoloxidase, EC1.10.3.2) containing four copper ions, belonging to the copper blue oxidase, present as a monomeric glycoprotein. Laccase exists mushrooms, bacteria and plants, but also can survive in the air, after the reaction is the only product is water, so essentially an environmentally friendly enzyme. Laccase unique catalytic properties make it widely used in biological testing, as a highly efficient biological detector as a substrate, coenzyme, inhibitors and other components of effective tools and means. In recent years, as a result of environmental awareness gradually being taken seriously, laccase has also become the object of study for many scholars.
Laccases have been examined as the cathode in enzymatic biofuel cells. They can be paired with an electron mediator to facilitate electron transfer to a solid electrode wire. Laccases are some of the few oxidoreductases commercialized as industrial catalysts. The enzymes can be used for textile dyeing/textile finishing, wine cork making, teeth whitening, and many other industrial, environmental, diagnostic, and synthetic uses. Laccases can be used inbioremediation. Protein ligand docking can be used to predict the putative pollutants that can be degraded by laccase.
Elimination of the need for soda pulping. Neutral pulping can be used.
Improvement in quality.
Improved stickies removal efficiency.
Lower cost (higher contamination) raw materials can be utilized.
Reduction in downtime due to cleaning and sheetbreaks.
Improves quality of process water. Lower COD, less toxic and contain fewer micro-stickies
Greater customer satisfaction
Secondary Benefits
Elimination of the need for soda pulping.
Reduction in REFINING ENERGY. Reduction in Refining time or Amperage leading to a reduction in electrical costs.
Improvement in FIBRE YIELD. Increase in fines retention from increased fibrillation (micro-fibrillation). Helps to reduce build-up of fines in forming and press fabrics, increasing fabric life.
Improvement in WASTEWATER QUALITY. Reduction of fines and the cleaning of white water loops.
Improvement of PAPER STRENGTH properties. Enhances paper strength by increasing inter-fiber bonding through fibrillation (micro-fibrillation).
Improvement in MACHINE RUNNABILITY. Cleaner whitewater system helps to reduce slime build up that causes sheetbreaks.
Reduction in STEAM LOADING or INCREASE IN PAPERMACHINE SPEED. Improvement in drainability leading to either the reduction of steam demand for paper drying or conversely increases in the paper machine speed.
Improvement in PAPER QUALITY. Improvement in paper formation due increased fines retention and more efficiently refined pulp. Reduction in vessel picking during printing of paper produced with hardwood virgin pulp.
Savings in RAW MATERIAL costs. Allows the use of lower quality and cheaper furnishes.
Savings in CHEMICAL costs. Reduction in consumption of retention aids and strength enhancing chemicals.
Lipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats (lipids). Lipases are a subclass of the esterases.
Lipases perform essential roles in the digestion, transport and processing of dietary lipids (e.g. triglycerides, fats,oils) in most, if not all, living organisms. Genes encoding lipases are even present in certain viruses.
Most lipases act at a specific position on the glycerol backbone of lipid substrate (A1, A2 or A3)(small intestine). For example, human pancreatic lipase (HPL), which is the main enzyme that breaks down dietary fats in the human digestive system, converts triglyceride substrates found in ingested oils to monoglycerides and two fatty acids.
